The Patient Safety Movement Essay Example for Free

The Patient Safety Movement Essay According to patientsafetymovement.org (2013), over 200,000 patients die each year due to preventable causes. This is more than the number of deaths from lung, breast and prostate cancer combined. With such a high number of patients at risk of preventable death, the idea of patient safety moved to the forefront of medical discussions in the early 1990’s with the release of the Institute of Medicine’s report To Err is Human. The report brought to light the issues of patient safety and the errors occurring every day in medical facilities across the country. Patient safety as defined by the Institute of Medicine is simply stated as having â€Å"freedom from accidental injury† (ahrq.gov). Patient safety is now considered a healthcare discipline concerned with reporting, preventing and analyzing adverse events in an effort to reduce or eliminate errors leading to undesirable patient outcomes. Some of the most common medical errors affecting patient safety are wrong site surgery, medication errors, and health care acquired infections. Other causes of medical errors are not directly related to â€Å"touching† the patient. These errors include hand-off communications, illegible handwriting, and poor coordination of care. Wrong site surgeries include operating on the wrong part of the body, performing the wrong operation, or operating on the wrong patient. While wrong site surgery is rare, (from 1995-2010, the Joint Commission received reports of 956 wrong site surgeries), it is probably one of the most preventable injuries affecting patient safety (National Patient Safety Foundation, 2014). Medication errors occur if a patient receives the wrong medication or if the patient receives the right medication in the wrong dose or wrong form. One of the most common errors facing the patient safety movement today, the Institute of Medicine estimates medication errors affect over 1.5 million Americans each year (NPSF, 2014). Health care acquired infections are infections occurring in patients while being treated for other medical conditions. These infections can be acquired while being treated in or out  of a hospital setting. Each year in the United States, approximately 1 in 20 patients contract a health care acquired infection. Errors in patient hand-off communications account for an estimated 80 percent of serious medical errors (patientsafetymovement.org, 2014). A lack of effective communication is responsible for these avoidable adverse events. Illegible handwriting leads to the misinterpretation of physician orders and has led to medication and treatment errors. Patients are at risk for error whenever more than one healthcare provider is involved in their care. Not all providers may have had access to the same information and this lack of coordination of care can result in medical error. In order to develop a patient safety culture in healthcare institutions across the country, several groups were created or formed to outline new patient safety initiatives as well as define the actions both providers and patients can take to prevent medical injuries due to preventable errors. One such group, the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality, (AHRQ), â€Å"is a home to research centers that specialize in major areas of healthcare research such as quality improvement and patient safety . . . and delivery systems (Pozgar, 2012, p. 541). The AHRQ is charged with the following initiatives: 1. Identify the causes of preventable health care errors and patient injury in health care delivery. 2. Develop, demonstrate, and evaluate strategies for reducing errors and improving patient safety. 3. Disseminate such effective strategies throughout the health care industry. As the AHRQ works to meet its initiatives, other groups such as the National Patient Safety Foundation establish action plans to address the challenge of eliminating medical errors. For example, in 2013, the foundation addressed nine areas in which patient safety errors occur and how these errors could be eliminated by following a well-developed plan. Included in those nine areas were medication errors, hand-off communication errors, and healthcare associated infections (patientsafetymovement.org). Other results of the patient safety movement include the way patients are identified. For example, two patient identifiers are used prior to providing patient care. These identifiers may include a patient’s name or date of birth. These identifiers are then matched to the patient record thereby ensuring treatment is provided to the right person. Many providers and facilities  have strict infection control guidelines including the use of hand washing and proper use of PPE (personal protective equipment), such as gowns, gloves, and masks. Other changes relate to the elimination of medication errors. For example, look alike or sound alike drugs are kept separated or repackaged in pharmacies to prevent giving a patient incorrect medications. In order to prevent wrong site surgeries, both the physician and the patient are involved in clearly marking the site prior to surgery as well as verbal communication between physician and patient as to the surgical site and what type of surgery the patient is about to undergo. Other safety actions include the members of the surgical team taking a â€Å"time-out† prior to surgery to confirm the correct patient, correct site, and correct procedure (Pozgar, 2012). Another initiative began in 2005, when Dr. Donald Berwick and the Institute for Healthcare Improvement, (IHI) created a ca mpaign to save 100,000 lives (Levin, 2005, p. 94). â€Å"The campaign aims to enlist at least 1,500 hospitals across the United States to commit to six key evidence-based, safety and quality improvements that have the potential to save 100,000 lives over the next 18 months—and beyond† (Levin, 2005, p. 95). The six key-evidenced based improvements are 1. Rapid Response Teams. 2. Prevention of Central Line associated bloodstream infections. 3. Prevention of surgical site infections. 4. Prevention of adverse drug events. 5. Improved care for acute MI. 6. Prevention of ventilator associated pneumonia. Dr. Berwick and the IHI believed that this initiative could be successful at preventing patient medical errors and result in an unknown number of saved lives. The overall goal of all groups involved in the patient safety movement is to improve the quality of patient care through system improvement, education, and shared experiences to reduce the risk of medical error. Unfortunately, the goals of the patient safety movement and the current tort system do not go hand in hand. While the patient safety movement encourages open communication regarding patient medical errors, the risk of litigation causes many healthcare providers and institutions to remain silent regarding patient medical errors. In order to avoid lawsuits, many physicians practice â€Å"defensive medicine,† which can actually increase the risk of patient medical errors resulting in malpractice lawsuits. Some tort reforms have shown to be somewhat successful in reducing the overall cost of liability by keeping insurance premiums lower, keeping physicians in  practice, and capping the amount of damages paid to patients. However, while these reforms may have reduced the financial burden on healthcare providers, they do little to support the patient safety movement. The most widely cited concerns about the medical liability system relate to the systems impact on costs and access to liability coverage, its impact on patients safety, and the administrative burden of litigation. According to AHRQ, in order to address these concerns, the following reforms have been discussed: Full disclosure/early offer programs. Certificate of merit programs. Caps on damage awards, periodic interim payment rules, joint and several liability reforms, collateral source rule reform, and the abolishing of punitive damages. Pre-trial screening panels. Health courts Patient safety is one of the primary goals of reform efforts that focus on programs that promote full disclosure, early offers, and the collection and analyses of the root causes of medical errors (AHRQ, 2010). As with all movements, the patient safety movement is not without its critics. One criticism of the movement deals with physician burnout. The patient safety movement includes many new initiatives aimed at improving patient safety. Each of these new initiatives takes time to understand and implement in order to have the desired outcome. Unfortunately, many providers are faced with learning these initiatives on top of an already full day of patient care. Most facilities have not built in the time required to learn, understand, and implement new initiatives. At the time the IOM published the To Err is Human report, many in the healthcare field questioned the numbers revealed in the study as well as contending that the information in the report would focus undue attention on accidental deaths and prevent limited resources from being directed at other important quality improvement initiatives. Other critics do not agree with the focus on involving patients in their own care, believing that if a patient is already sick and in the hospital, the patient should not have the additional burden of making sure they are receiving the right medicine at the right time, etc. Whether a supporter or critic of the patient safety movement, everyone can agree that human errors do occur in the treatment of patients. In order to improve  patient safety, healthcare providers and facilities must continue to find ways to implement new initiatives that improve the overall quality and safety of the care provided to patients. References AHRQ. (2008). What Exactly Is Patient Safety? Retrieved from http://ahrq.gov Institute of Medicine. (2014). Retrieved from http://iom.edu/ Levin, A. A. (2005). Patient Safety- Rejecting the Status Quo. NC Med J March/April 2005, Volume 66, Number 2. Retrieved from http://ww.ncmedicaljournal.com National Patient Safety Foundation. (2014). Key Facts About Patient Safety. Retrieved from http://www.npsf.org/for-patients-for-consumers Pozgar, G.D. (2012). Legal Aspects of Health Care Administration (11th ed.). Sudbury, MA: Jones Bartlett Learning, LLC The Patient Safety Movement. (2013). Challenges Solutions. Retrieved from http://patientsafetymovement.org/challenges--solutions-/

Coca-Cola or Pepsi: The True King of Pop Essay -- essays research pap

He lets out an ahhh of satisfaction as he sets down the cup. There is an excited silence to the crowd as they wait to hear the verdict. Will he choose Pepsi or will it be Coca-Cola? It is a question that many wonder about and can be a very tricky question. Both sides say that theirs taste’s better and both have strong proof to back that up. But I am here to help settle the issue once and for all and show to you that taste isn’t everything one should judge. When all is done I will prove to you that in the end there can be no doubt that Coca-Cola is the king of pop.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  To truly understand the complexities of what makes a soft drink one of the best you must first take a look at the appearance and package of said drink. Pepsi has always tried to go with the flashy look and now tries to play on American patriotism by having a red, white, and blue can. While this may be a nice touch, Coke doesn’t need to rely on playing on the people’s feelings. They have stayed with a classic look of red with white writing. This simple yet elegant stance shows to the world that they don’t need to spice up their appearance to entice customers, because they know it what’s on the inside that counts.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Now if you are a true beverage coinsure, you will of course take notice of the initial reaction of carbonation and air when you pop open your can. I know that some will argue that all pop sounds the same at this action, but you just need to listen ...

Classroom Activity on Cultural Diversity Essay

Cultural diversity is the diverse culture having people of different races, cultures, religions, nationalities, ethnic groups and backgrounds making up a community. Cultural diversity is a term used to mean that a group or area contains people from many different cultures and backgrounds. These areas are considered diverse because everyone is unique and different.. The phrase cultural diversity can also refer to having different cultures respect each other’s differences. The phrase cultural diversity is also sometimes used to mean the variety of human societies or cultures in a specific region, or in the world as a whole. India is a land of diversity in race, region, caste, language, mate, landform, flora and fauna and so on. From ancient time till day India has repainted this diversity from very ancient time. Mature has shaped the country so. Rightly this land has been termed as â€Å"the epitome of the world. † In our country we will find people from different races. People in each race have their own culture. By culture we mean the characteristics of an individual society or of some subgroups within this society. It includes values, beliefs, notions, acceptable and non acceptable behaviour and other socially constructed ideas that members of the culture are taught as true. We will agree that culture has an impact on socialization process of students. Religion, food habits, festivals,clothing, arts,music etc. play an important role in shaping children during school years. The diversity or individual differences manifest in the works, views, discipline etc. Each element shapes the children through socialization within the families, school and in child’s environment. As a teacher we should know when the racial awareness begin in child. The foundation of self awareness is started around the age of 2-3 years. They learn about themselves, their physical differences, skin colour and begin to apply the skin colour. Around age 4, children learn to identify clearly the differences among people. At the age 5 or 6 years, they started asking questions about their physical differences and also begin to understand these differences. At the age of 7 or 8 years, the children understand that a person’s skin colour will not wash off, rather it will remain same as the person grows up. They learn to understand that how a person can become a member of several different groups like family, classroom, a culture etc. This is the time when the parents and teachers provide them accurate information about cultural diversity. A teacher can take the following activity in the classroom for making his children aware about our cultural diversity. Teacher may asked the students to write their names, nicknames and the names of their Grandmother with which they addressed her at home.

Eco 550 Week 1 - 850 Words

McGuigan Chapter 1—Introduction and Goals of the Firm Only for this spring quarter 2013, quiz purposes MULTIPLE CHOICE 1. The form of economics most relevant to managerial decision-making within the firm is: a.|macroeconomics| b.|welfare economics| c.|free-enterprise economics| d.|microeconomics| e.|none of the above| 2. If one defines incremental cost as the change in total cost resulting from a decision, and incremental revenue as the change in total revenue resulting from a decision, any business decision is profitable if: a.|it increases revenue more than costs or reduces costs more than revenue| b.|it decreases some costs more than it increases others (assuming revenues remain constant)| c.|it increases some†¦show more content†¦Agency problems and costs are incurred whenever the owners of a firm delegate decision-making authority to management. a.|true| b.|false| 10. Income tax payments are an example of ____. a.|implicit costs| b.|explicit costs| c.|normal return on investment| d.|shareholder wealth| e.|none of the above| 11. The common factors that give rise to all principal-agent problems include the a.|unobservability of some manager-agent action| b.|presence of random disturbances in team production| c.|the greater number of agents relative to the number of principals| d.|a and b only| e.|none of the above| 12. The Saturn Corporation (once a division of GM) was permanently closed in 2009. What went wrong with Saturn? a. Saturn’s cars sold at prices higher than rivals Honda or Toyota, so they could not sell many cars. b. Saturn sold cars below the prices of Honda or Toyota, earning a low 3% rate of return. c. Saturn found that young buyers of Saturn automobiles were very loyal to Saturn and GM. d. Saturn implemented a change management view that helped make first time Saturn purchasers trade up to Buick or Cadillac. e. all of the above 13. Which of the following will increase (V0), the shareholder wealth maximization model of the firm: V0∙(sharesShow MoreRelatedEco 550 Week 2 Discussion 1 Eco550 Week 2 Discussion 13811 Words   |  16 PagesECO 550 Complete Course Download Answer Here Visit www.workbank247.com http://workbank247.com/q/eco550-eco-550-complete-course-week-1-to-week-11/12249 http://workbank247.com/q/eco550-eco-550-complete-course-week-1-to-week-11/12249 ECO 550 week 1 Discussion 1 Fundamental Economic Concepts  Please respond to the following: * Answer the following discussions based on the Katrina’s Candies scenario: * From the scenario for Katrina’s Candies, examine the key factors affecting the demand forRead MoreEco 550 Check Your Understanding Week 1(Answers)1102 Words   |  5 PagesEach problem/question is worth 3 points. 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EachRead MoreQuiz 11444 Words   |  6 PagesECO 550 Week 2 Quiz 1 Click this link to get the tutorial: http://homeworkfox.com/tutorials/economics/4259/eco-550-week-2-quiz-1/ Question 1 1.   When multiple facts about a sample set are known, a(n) _____ heuristic makes the choice on the basis of the first category of facts in which the samples differ. elimination representative recognition availability Question 2 1.   Which of the following products can be sold through mass advertising? A new electrocardiogram machine to be used by medicalRead MoreEco 550 Check Your Understanding Week One1629 Words   |  7 PagesStrayer University ECO 550 Week 1 Homework Chapter 1 2. A principal-agent relationships involves the owners (principals) delegating decision-making authority to managers (agents). A conflict occurs when the agents pursue acceptable levels of shareholder wealth and profit rather than a maximization of profit. They are pursuing their own self-interests. 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Dyson’s Value Chain Model Support Activities FirmInfrastructure | Structuring and planning, HQ in UK, manufacturing and testing facility in Malaysia with 120 testing stationRead MoreEmerging Cities Of The Arab Emirates3204 Words   |  13 Pagesâ€Å"Dubai’s luxury lifestyles are attended by vast numbers of Filipina, Sri Lankan and Indian maids, while the building boom is carried on the shoulders of an army of poorly paid Pakistanis and Indians†¦ working twelve-hour shifts, six and a half days a week, in the asphalt-melting desert heat† Davis (2006). In 2004, in these harsh conditions, the Human Rights watch projected that nearly 880 construction laborers were killed while at work, and the most deadly accidents went unreported. Along with its

Scrapbook of Styles Ritual in Maya Angelous Caged Bird

Born in St. Louis and then reared by her grandmother in the segregated community of Stamps, Arkansas, Maya Angelou overcame great adversities in her roller-coaster life to become a successful writer, dancer, singer, and African-American activist. The passages here have been drawn from Chapter 22 of the first volume of her autobiography, I Know Why the Caged Bird Sings  (1969). In these paragraphs, Angelou recalls the first funeral that she attended as a child, that of Mrs. Florida Taylor, a neighbor who had left young Maya a yellow brooch. The ritual that Angelou describes also marked the girls first recognition of her own mortality. A Passage From I Know Why the Caged Bird Sings* (1969) by Maya Angelou The mourners on the front benches sat in a blue-serge, black-crepe-dress gloom. A funeral hymn made its way around the church tediously but successfully. It eased into the heart of every gay thought, into the care of each happy memory. Shattering the light and hopeful: On the other side of Jordan, there is a peace for the weary, there is a peace for me. The inevitable destination of all living things seemed but a short step away. I had never considered before that  dying, death, dead, passed away, were  words  and  phrases  that might be even faintly connected with me.But on that onerous day, oppressed beyond relief, my own mortality was borne in upon me on sluggish tides of doom.No sooner had the mournful song run its course than the minister took to the altar and delivered a sermon that in my state gave little comfort. Its subject was, Thou art my good and faithful servant with whom I am well pleased. His voice enweaved itself through the somber vapors left by the dirge. In a monotonous tone he warned the listeners that this day might be your last, and the best insurance against dying a sinner was to make yourself right with God so that on the fateful day He would say, Thou art my good and faithful servant with whom I am well pleased...Mr. Taylor and the high church officials were the first to file around the bier to wave farewell to the departed and get a glimpse of what lay in store for all men. Then on heavy feet, made more ponderous by the guilt of the living viewing the dead, the adult church marched up to the coffin and back to their seats. Their faces, which showed apprehension before reaching the coffin, revealed, on the way down the opposite aisle, a final confrontation of their fears. Watching them was a little like peeping through a window when the shade is not drawn flush. Although I didnt try, it was impossible not to record their roles in the drama.And then a black-dressed usher stuck her hand out woodenly toward the childrens rows. Th ere was the shifty rustling of unreadiness but finally a boy of fourteen led us off and I dared not hang back, as much as I hated the idea of seeing Mrs. Taylor. Up the aisle, the moans and screams merged with the sickening smell of woolen black clothes worn in summer weather and green leaves wilting over yellow flowers. I couldnt distinguish whether I was smelling the clutching sound of misery or hearing the cloying odor of death.It would have been easier to see her through the gauze, but instead I looked down on the stark face that seemed suddenly so empty and evil. It knew secrets that I never wanted to share. *I Know Why the Caged Bird Sings, the first volume of Maya Angelous autobiography, was published by Random House in 1970. It is also available in a Random House paperback edition (2009).

Types of Actors - 1436 Words

3.4 Types of Actors Figure 3.2 Types of Actors and Some Current Actors Who Fit Each Category Impersonators Dustin Hoffman brings Lenny Bruce to life. The performance is so convincing and Lenny so gritty that today’s audiences may think they are seeing Lenny Bruce himself.Photo by Mary Evans/Ronald Grant/courtesy Everett Collection The term impersonator is considered somewhat demeaning in the acting world, suggesting that the actor has simply copied the manner, dialect, and behavior of a character, instead of creating the character. There are times when such a skill is useful—when a filmmaker needs a portrayal of a recognizable historical figure, for instance, but doesn’t want to distract the audience by casting a recognizable actor in†¦show more content†¦Even though he can be considered a personality actor, no one would argue that Nicholson, who has been nominated for 12 Academy Awards and won three, is a brilliant actor. And actors like Humphrey Bogart and Cary Grant remain popular personalities more than half a century after their heyday. But a lesser talent who relies too much on personality risks staying power. Will audiences 50 years from now recognize the strength of personality? Or will it simply seemed mannered and curious, a distraction instead of a beloved trait? Stars To define a star, think about a personality actor, only more so. A star is a distinctive screen persona, who is well–known and popular with the moviegoing public, often to the point that some avid movie fans become deeply curious about the actor’s private life Hollywood has a long love affair with stars, since the days of Charlie Chaplin and Mary Pickford. Stars are actors who are simply famous on–screen and off, personalities so magnetic that we are interested not just in their movies but in their personal lives as well. Brad Pitt and Angelina Jolie are both talented actors. But they’re also famous stars, so much so that tabloids and gossip sites endlessly speculate on their relationship, their children, and every other aspect of their lives. Obviously this has been taken to almost absurd extremes today, where Web sites breathlessly report the content of text messages between actors and their mistressesShow MoreRelatedSystem and Change in Industrial Relat ions Analysis990 Words   |  4 Pagesconflicting theories and reasons for the emergence and importance of this field. Edmond Heery outlines and analyses the justaposition of two different views of modeling this vast and often debated area of industrial relations. His article looks at two types of model building in IR. First, the traditional model of systems-thinking set forth by John Dunlop, one of the pioneers of IR theory. Introduced in 1958, Dunlop’s system theory of IR tries to provide tools to understand the widest possible range ofRead MoreThe Kabuki Theater1516 Words   |  7 PagesAlthough it started out as just another type of dance, Kabuki eventually emerged into an important and fascinating theatre where elaborate makeup and costumes combined to put on entertaining performances for audiences throughout the centuries. Kabuki started out as a style of dance in the early sixteenth century, also known as the Edo period. Kabuki is an exclusive type of theater in which only males can act on stage. For over 400 years, women have only been allowed in the audience and not on stageRead MoreThe Work Of Art And The Age Of Mechanical Reproduction911 Words   |  4 Pagesnow plays a larger part in these values, where the ability to reproduce the art changes how people experience the art, both physically and mentally. 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Therefore, in the plays the actors correspond to conflicts with religious facts, to show the transitioning of nature from the world of Buddhism, and the weight of responsibility from ConfucianismRead MoreA Bright Room Called Day by Tony Kushner678 Words   |  3 Pageshis character)is that he talks more rather taking action. One type of acting shown by the character of Husz is representational. This type of acting is playing from the inside. Husz is a person who doesnt know a lot about what is going on around him, what is going to happen, and how it is going to affect him and his love. However, he focuses on his work and tries to do propaganda art in his movies. The most important part for the actor before performing is to know everything about the character,

Favorite Place free essay sample

Comfort is something that is not easy to come by. There are many habits and simple pleasures that we indulge in to escape from the everyday stress of life. However, there is one treatment for stress that can provide an ideal amount of comfort. That treatment is being in your favorite place. Kingsley Lake has become an annual vacation spot every summer for my family and also for short weekend getaways. For this reason, Kingsley has become my favorite place to be to escape from the world for a while and enjoy myself. From the start of the day, and all the way to the end of one, the lake never fails to let me down in any aspect. Over the several memorable years of vacationing there, observing the sunrises became a daily routine. The sheer beauty of the scarlet red sun as it peaks over the pines is an addicting sight as it delivers the first of the day’s heat. We will write a custom essay sample on Favorite Place or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Faint sounds of hummingbirds catch my attention in the morning as well while they mingle around in the dense flower garden. The serene relaxation of the morning doesn’t last long however, because my dad never fails to strike up singing as he bakes muffins or mixes pancake batter in the kitchen. But his poor singing voice is always forgiven due the aroma of his pancakes and muffins that he has perfected over the years. Since my hunger rises from the smell slowly filling the rest of the lake house, I’ll usually distract myself with a warm cup of coffee that never fails to burn my mouth. The sound of feet fumbling down the stairs is the next thing I hear as my family and cousins wake up with the strengthening sunlight. After breakfast we all become anxious to go for a swim after eating breakfast. The walk down to the dock and into the water is always bitter sweet as the heat and humidity hit me like a wall. I always become quickly acclimated to the heat and race across the smoldering dock towards the water. The sight of all my sisters, brothers, and cousins all leaping into the water always causes me to laugh, since they all try to barrel down the dock to beat everyone to the water. Sounds of splashing and laughter became the only thing that is heard from the dock for the remainder of the day. The only thing to interrupt it is the roar of the boat engine as it fires up and takes us all out to tube or water ski. After several hours down at the lake the only thing left to stop the fun is a slight feeling of exhaustion, accompanied by a raging hunger. Soon my aunt and step-mom will have enough barbeque pork, beans, roles, and potato salad ready to feed an army. At this point everyone rushes up stairs to get some much needed nourishment. The bright blue sky soon will fade to darkness after the several hours of feasting. The only thing left to do is to take the boat out one more time for some night fishing. The anticipation of an unlikely success is what fuels my brothers and me to embark on this fishing experience. The sight of a fishing rod bending over backward when I get a big bite is enough motivation for me. As the midnight hour approaches, a well-deserved sit on the porch is the next thing on my list. The smell of a cheap cigar fills the air as my uncle cracks jokes and tokes. Soon the overwhelming exhaustion will get the best of me and I’ll refresh myself once more in the shower and crash into the sheets of the bed. When a day at the lake draws to an end I can only hope to savor the last of the remaining days left.